A Hygienic And Healthy Environment

A Hygienic And Healthy environsHuman organic evolution raft be defined as the cognitive operation of enlarging peoples choices and improving human capabilities the tend of things that they bottom of the inning do or be in invigoration and freedoms so they can live a long and intelligent life. The encompasses alimentation a wellnessy life, being educated, having access to resources and being able to participate in decisions that affect their community. Human study considers the following factors as inviolateEquity Equal opportunities for all. Special emphasis is placed on equity of human exploitation amid men and women and various favorable groups.Empowerment immunity of the people to influence, as the subjects of development, decisions that affect their lives.Cooperation Participation and belonging to communities and groups as a means of mutual enrichment and a source of social meaning.Sustainability Meeting the subscribe tos of conditionly without compromising th e ability of satisfying the same by future generations.Security Exercise development opportunities freely and fullly with confidence that they will non melt suddenly in the future.Productivity Full participation of people in the process of income generation and gainful employment.Since human lives atomic number 18 of a progressive nature, the UNDP proposed the im get on of sustainable human development as an alternative development paradigm. The approach regards peoples well-being as the goal of development. Thus Sustainable human development (SHD) is development that places people at the centre of all development activities. The central purpose of SHD is to create an enabling surround in which all human beings have tighten and creative lives. Sustainable human development is directed towards the promotion of human dignity and the realization of all human remedys, economic, social, cultural, civil and political.The concept of sustainable development originated with the Repor t of the World Commission onEnvironment and Development (WCED), Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report) of 1987which defined sustainable development as development which meets the needs of the positgeneration without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Human development is the widening of peoples choices in life. It means having the privilege to choose ones life means over an some other beca engagement of preference rather than lack of opportunity. Knowledge, health and longevity, livelihood and political freedom provide its bearers with greater chances for a better life. People who are poor, unhealthy and illiterate simply have fewer choices in life. Sustainable human development is concerned with widening choices of people not only of the show up generation, but future generations as well. As such, it aims for the regeneration of the environment and natural resources.Within this framework, a Human Development Index (HDI) was conceived to ser ve as valuate of how well a country has performed, not only in terms of real income growth, but also in terms of social indicators of peoples ability to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and skills, and to have access to the resources needed to afford a decent standard of living. The HDI looks at three outcomes of development state of health, level of knowledge and skill, and the level of real income.State of health is reflected in the life expectancy indicator. Life expectancy measures the physical body of years an babe is expected to live when born in a given year. It best represents and ultimately reflects information on physical safety, nutritional levels, efficacy of health interventions, and other health indicators.To enhance these factors, countries or regions should guide their development strategies towards the gradual creation of an economic, social, political and cultural environment which enhance individual and social capabilities.Progress in Human De velopmentHuman development has gone with with(predicate) rapid development over the years. Most people today live longer, are more(prenominal) than educated and have more access to goods and services than ever before. Even in economically distressed countries, peoples health and nurture have improved greatly.The worlds just HDI incrementd 18 percent between 1990 and 2010 (41 percent since 1970), reflecting large improvements in life expectancy, school enrolment, literacy and income. Almost all countries benefited. Of the 135 countries in our sample for 1970- 2010 (with 92 percent of the worlds people), only three had a impose HDI in 2010 than in 1970. This clearly indicates that poor countries are catching up with rich countries on the HDI, a convergence that paints a far more optimistic picture than do trends in income, where divergence continues.HYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT iodin requirement for the achievement of a sustainable human development is a favourable environment. The environment provides the arena within which development of any form can take place. This realization is so crucial that a conducive environment is now considered as a serious. This stems from the fact that in stating that human beings are at the centre of concern for sustainable development and that they are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony and natureUnder the right to a healthy environment e realone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services. The 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights was the first human rights treaty to expressly recognize the right of all peoples to a satisfactory environment favourable to their development. Within europium , the scheme of Economic and Development (OECD) has stated that a decent environment should be recognized as one of the fundamental human rights. Furthermore the coupled Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has dr afted the Charter on environmental Rights and Obligations which affirms the fundamental principle that everyone has the right to an environment adequate for general health and well-being.The fourth and final exam report of the Special Rapporteur (1994) begins by recapitulating the legal foundations of a right to environment contained in international human rights instruments. It carefully details the impact of environmental degradation on vulnerable groups such as indigenous people, women, children and young people, disabled soulfulnesss and environmental refugees. It analyses the effects of the environment on the enjoyment of fundamental rights notably right to self-determination, right to life, right to health, right to food, right to sale and healthy working conditions, right to housing, right to information, right to popular participation, freedom of association, and cultural rights.A very important component of a favourable environment is its Health status. Without this compo nent the other components necessary for achieving a sustainable human development cannot be attained. It is and so necessary that all activities which contribute to attaining and maintaining a healthy environment, the most crucial of which is hygiene should be adhered to, to ensure sustainable human development.Healthy and Hygienic EnvironmentHealth, according to the WHO is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The idea of health is capable of both wide and narrow application, and can be negatively as well as positively defined. This by extension means that we can be in good health and poor health. A lay definition of health, illness and medicine refer to a wide range of events and experiences, and ideas intimately sicknesses and health. These are bound to contain tensions and contradictions, as well as ambivalence about the role of medical treatments in dealing with them (Williams and Calnan 1996 17). These contradictions have been a study ca workout of concern which health providers always try to correct.Determinants of healthThe health of individual people and their communities are affected by a wide range of contributory factors. Peoples good or severely health is determined by their environment and situations what is happening and what has happened to them. According to the WHO the following determinants probably have a large impact on our health than access and use of health care servicesSocioeconomic status the higher a persons socioeconomic status is, the more likely he/she is to enjoy good health. The link is a clear one. Socioeconomic status affects all members of the family, including newborn babies.Education people with lower levels of education generally have a higher risk of experiencing poorer health. Their levels of stress will most likely be higher, compared to people with higher academic qualifications. A person with a high level of education will pr obably have higher self-esteemPhysical environment if your irrigate is clean and safe, the air you perch is pure, your oeuvre is healthy, your house is comfortable and safe, you are more likely to enjoy good health.Job prospects and employment conditions if you have a job, statistics show you are more likely to enjoy better health than people who are unemployed. If you have some control over your working conditions your health will benefit too. confirm from people around you if you have family support, as well as support from friends and your community your chances of enjoying good health are far greater than somebody who has no(prenominal) of these things.Culture the traditions and customs of a society and how a family responds to them play an important role in peoples health. The impact could be either good or bad for health. E.g. The tradition of genital mutilation of women has an impact on infection rates and the mental health of millions of girls and women in galore(po stnominal) countriesGenetic inheritance peoples longevity, general health, and propensity to trustworthy diseases are partly determined by their genetic makeup.Children stand a high likelihood of suffering from diseases which their parents suffered from.What we do and how we manage what we eat, our physical activity, whether or not we smoke or drink or take drugs, and how we cope with stress play an important role on our physical and mental well-being.It can be realized from the points above that most of the determinants of health are factors resulting from our behavior as human beings. One key behavior which affects our nation and has been a cause of many epidemics are our habits relating to hygiene. A cursory look around town shows the extent to which filth has engulfed our communities and which has been the cause of outbreaks of Cholera and other diarrhoeal diseases which has resulted in a number of deaths.For sustainable human development to be achieved therefore the maintain ce of a healthy and hygienic environment is key.Hygiene encompasses conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially with cleanliness. Diseases resulting from poor hygiene is one of the top three killer diseases in developing countries, claiming the lives of more than three million children a year. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environment, as it relates to health, as all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related behaviors. Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling disease, injury, and disability related to the interactions between people and their environment. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cu ltural environment, and genetics. The phrase healthy environment encompasses many meaning but it is used commonly to refer to the human environment that would result in few risks such as disease or health hazards. It essentially involves utilizing the surrounding conditions with little improving effects upon it.The WHO has provided 10 facts on how improving environmental sanitation can impact our livesWorldwide, 13 million deaths could be prevented every year by making our environments healthier.In children to a lower place the age of five, one third of all disease is caused by the environmental factors such as unsafe water and air pollution.Every year, the lives of four million children under 5 years mostly in developing countries could be saved by preventing environmental risks such as unsafe water and polluted air.In developing countries, the main environmentally caused diseases are diarrhoeal disease, lower respiratory infections, unintentional injuries, and malaria.Better en vironmental management could prevent 40% of deaths from malaria, 41% of deaths from lower respiratory infections, and 94% of deaths from diarrhoeal disease three of the worlds biggest childhood killers.In the least developed countries, one third of death and disease is a direct result of environmental causes.In developed countries, healthier environments could significantly reduce the incidence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, lower respiratory infections, musculoskeletal diseases, road traffic injuries, poisonings, and drownings.Environmental factors influence 85 out of the 102 categories of diseases and injuries listed in The world health report.Much of this death, illness and disability could be prevented through well targeted interventions such as promoting safe household water storage, better hygiene measures and the use of cleaner and safer fuels.Other interventions that can make environments healthier include increasing the safety of buildings promoting safe, car eful use and management of toxic substances at home and in the workplace and better water resource management.The above shows how human development can improve through improved environmental hygiene. Improved environmental hygiene can be improved through various means including1Relationship between health n sustainable developmentAmong the principal remits of the health empyrean is to safeguard the publics well-being by ensuring a sound, healthy physical and social environment, one that enables sustainable human development-understood to mean improvement of material conditions to respond to the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the ability to respond to those of future generations-and that protects the most vulnerable members of society. Towards that end, the health sector collaborates with other sectors-the environment, labor, agriculture, and education, among others. Moreover, it behooves local communities, countries, and the international alliances, each on it s own and all together, to both monitor and counter the many causes of environmental degradation. Inequities-in education, employment, health, and political rights-affect individuals susceptibility to environmental impacts and can result in significant dis- ease and death. Other influences include globalization, governmental reforms, the privatization of services, the vagaries of the labor market, and uncontrolled urbanization. A consensus prevails that sustainable human development depends on reducing poverty while protecting and promoting health.A case in point is water and sanitation as urban populations increase, so too does the charter for drinking water and sewage and solid waste organisation services. Dispari- ties between urban-center and urban-periphery populations and between urban and rural populations in ac- cess to those services and in exposure to environmental risks compound the vulnerability of the poor.Accelerated, unplanned growth of the industrial sector is a di rect cause of biological, chemical, and physical contamination it increases transportation and energy consumption, produces more wastes, and ren- ders their disposal inadequate. Industrialization, coupled with the untoward effects attributed in recent years to climate change, is resulting in the deterioration of the environment and of peoples quality of life and health. Production processes-the extraction of vulgar materials, their transformation into products, the con- sumption of those products, the elimination of industrial wastes, and the use of pesticides in agriculture and forestry-pose direct and indirect physical and chemical risks to populations. Mining, petroleum exploration, agrochemical farming, hospitals, health centers and laboratories, energy plants, and industrial manufactur- ers are among the biggest producers of dangerous chemical and solid wastes. The consumption of goods and services poses a major challenge to environmental management in terms of controlling ris ks and promoting health.Since the home and the workplace are peoples primary environments, adequate housing and working conditions are as important to ensure their good health as is the larger environment. A major problem is that of rural communities where the poor are particularly exposed to health risks, especially those living in endemic areas plagued by vector-borne diseases-Chagas, malaria, dengue, and yellow fever. Another stick of problems relates to changes in the work profile and in the working population wrought by globalization, regional inte- gration, trade liberalization, structural adjustments and privatization, and social policies-all of which greatly impact the living conditions and health of the working population and lead to increased inequities. Most wor- risome in this respect are the increasing proportions of children and elderly in the workforce.Along with greater poverty, social inequity, and urbanization, the breaking up of family and commu- nity structures fosters unhealthy environments that can lead to likewise unhealthy lifestyles and risky be- haviors at every stage of life. Aggravating those conditions are the persistence of fatality rate among mothers and children due to poor nutrition, infections, and lack of access to goods and services. A direct link has been drawn between poor diet and chronic diseases together, nutritional deficiencies and excesses contribute to a double burden of diseases that affect the population at every age. The increase in risky lifestyles and be- haviors-smoking, the consumption of alcohol and drugs, and various forms of violence and accidents-un- derscore the critical need for health promotion strategies.Why we need a hygienic environmentWaste disposalanitation is an integral part of health, development, and poverty-reduction strategies. Basic sanitation is the series of ac- tions interpreted within the human ecosystem to improve water supply services and sanitary wastewater and excreta disposal, so lid waste management, household hygiene, and industrial water use in an institutional, legal, and political context in which diverse players from the national, regional, and local levels participate. This series of actions keeps public health and basic sanitation management in permanent interaction. several(prenominal) countries from the Region incorporate management of these areas into such sec- tors as the environment and housing, whose subsequent coordi- nation with the health sector is essential for achieving sustain- able development.The populations access to drinking water supply, sanitation services, and sanitary disposal of solid waste are analyzed here within the context of the MDGs, public health, and the economic benefits accruing from good health through the achievement of sustainable services of acceptable quality. Critical and emergency situations that have arisen in Latin America and the Caribbean are also addressed.The relationship between health and agriculture is o f great im- portance for the well-being and quality of life of the peoples ofFood safety The relationship between health and agriculture is of great im- portance for the well-being and quality of life of the peoples ofThe sustainable production of food and achieving food and nutritional safety in the Regions countries are essential elements for eliminating thirstiness and reducing poverty. By en- hancing food production, it is possible to increase the availability of animal protein, fruits, and vegetables, as well as increase family incomes and rural job opportunities, thereby improving overall living conditions and the populations health. The eradi- cation of extreme poverty and hungerHow to achieve hygienic and healthy environment